Active Powered
Clarification on average, real, active, reactive, complex and apparent power?
My lecturer's notes are so confusing it's not even funny. Here's what I understand.
S= P + jQ ie
Complex Power (VA)= Active Power (W) + Reactive Power (VAR)
|S| = Apparent Power (VA)
What's Average Power and Real Power?
Try this explanation (not my own work)
There are several different definitions of power in AC circuits; all, however, have dimension of V*A or W (watts).
1. Instantaneous power: p(t) is the time function of the power, p(t) = u(t)*i(t). It is the product of the time functions of the voltage and current. This definition of instantaneous power is valid for signals of any waveform. The unit for instantaneous power is VA.
2. Complex power: S
Complex power is the product of the complex effective voltage and the complex effective conjugate current. In our notation here, the conjugate is indicated by an asterisk (*).Complex power can also be computed using the peak values of the complex voltage and current, but then the result must be divided by 2. Note that complex power is applicable only to circuits with sinusoidal excitation because complex effective or peak values exist and are defined only for sinusoidal signals. The unit for complex power is VA.
3. Real or average power: P can be defined in two ways: as the real part of the complex power or as the simple average of the instantaneous power. The second definition is more general because with it we can define the instantaneous power for any signal waveform, not just for sinusoids. It is given explicitly in the following expression
The unit for real or average power is watts (W), just as for power in DC circuits. Real power is dissipated as heat in resistances.
4. Reactive power: Q is the imaginary part of the complex power. It is given in units of volt-amperes reactive (VAR). Reactive power is positive in an inductive circuit and negative in a capacitive circuit. This power is defined only for sinusoidal excitation. The reactive power doesn't do any useful work or heat and it is the power returned to the source by the reactive components (inductors, capacitors) of the circuit
5. Apparent power: S is the product of the rms values of the voltage and the current, S = U*I. The unit of apparent power is VA. The apparent power is the absolute value of the complex power, so it is defined only for sinusoidal excitation.
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Gemini - GX Series - Active/Powered Speaker's Presented by Jason Earley
Rwanda Power Market Outlook To 2020---Aarkstore Enterprise Market Research Aggregation
Summary
This report gives a detailed information on the Rwanda power market and provides historical and forecast numbers for generation, capacity and consumption up to 2020. The research analyzes upcoming power projects, key import and export trends, regulatory frameworks and infrastructure for the market. This coupled with elaborate profiles of key market participants provides a comprehensive understanding of the market’s competitive scenario.
Scope
- Statistics for installed capacity, power generation and consumption from 2000 to 2008, forecast forward 12 years to 2020
- Break-up by technology, including thermal, hydro, and renewables
- Data on key current and upcoming projects
- Information on grid interconnectivity, and power exports and imports
- Policy and regulatory framework governing the market
- Detailed analysis of key market participants (Rwanda Electricity Corporation-Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation.), including SWOT analysis and operational metrics
- Data sourced from proprietary databases and primary interviews with key participants across the value chain
Reasons to buy
- Facilitate decision-making based on strong historic and forecast data
- Develop strategies based on the latest regulatory events
- Position yourself to gain the maximum advantage of the industry’s growth potential
- Identify key partners and business development avenues
- Identify key strengths and weaknesses of important market participants
- Respond to your competitors’ business structure, strategy and prospects "
1 Executive Summary 2
1.1 Continued Growth in Electricity Generation and Consumption 2
1.2 Hydro and Thermal Power, the Way Forward 2
2 Table Of Contents 3
2.1 List of Tables 6
2.2 List of Figures 7
3 Introduction 8
3.1 GlobalData Report Guidance 9
4 Rwanda Power Market Analysis, 2000-2020 10
4.1 Rwanda Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 10
4.2 Rwanda Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 11
4.3 Rwanda Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 13
4.4 Rwanda Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 15
4.4.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 15
4.4.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Total Value 16
4.4.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 18
4.4.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 20
4.4.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 22
4.4.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 22
4.5 Rwanda Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 23
4.5.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 25
4.5.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 27
5 Rwanda Power Market, Top Active and Upcoming Projects 29
5.1 Active Power Projects 29
5.1.1 Top Thermal Power Projects 29
5.1.2 Top Hydro Power Projects 30
5.2 Upcoming Power Projects 31
5.2.1 Top Thermal Power Projects 31
5.2.2 Top Hydro Power Projects 32
6 Rwanda Power Market, Regulatory Structure 33
6.1 Rwanda Power Market, Country Investment Scenario 33
6.1.1 Rwanda Power Market, Foreign Investment Laws and Regulations 33
6.2 Rwanda Power Market, Regulatory Structure, Overview 34
6.2.1 Rwanda Power Market, Urgent Electricity Rehabilitation Project 34
7 Rwanda Power Market, Infrastructure 35
7.1 Rwanda Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 35
7.1.1 Grid Interconnection 35
7.1.2 Development Plans for Transmission and Distribution System 35
8 Rwanda Power Market, Snapshot of Government Utility 37
8.1 Rwanda Power Market, Market Share of Government Utility 37
8.2 Key Company in the Rwanda Power Market, RECO-RWASCO 37
8.2.1 RECO-RWASCO, Company Overview 37
8.2.2 RECO-RWASCO, Business Description 37
8.2.3 SWOT Analysis 38
9 Appendix 41
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