Hey! I am going out to get an air pump and want to know what to get for BIG BUBBLES. Not the billion tiny bubbles that blast up to the service. It's actually not to aerate the water, more just for show. The bubbles will be going through a hole in the top of a fish cave. In your experience, what has given big (like penny sized) bubbles. Should I get an air stone? A bubble wand? Something else? Thanks!
ohhh! that makes since! so if I put it where it won't go straight out of the hole, it will build up into bigger bubbles before it's released out of the hole?
like these bubbles:
or these (on the very rihgt side):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdXM1d9F9D8
but NOT these:
Really doesn't matter what you use...open end,stone,wand.
The rising bubbles will combine on the roof of the cave to form larger bubbles before they go out the hole....where you put it in the cave is more important.
Is it just a coincidence that both possible leaders of the world economy – Japan and EU, shrivelled just when they were overtaking or about to overtake US in per capita GDP terms?
But, what one can’t see in a map is the handicap the Incas faced in building their empire. Their empire was located in a very mountainous location. They had not invented the wheel for transport! There was no written language for the Incas. In building those buildings they had no mortar.
So, there are no limits to growth. We need only invent a wheel, a script or mortar in our world of social, moral, political and - or macro-economic sphere.
It is around a hundred and fifty years since Marx pointed out instability of the Capitalist system. Marx said – Capitalist system is inherently unstable because it runs out of markets. In the following century, capitalism has changed so much that it will be hard to recognise it as the same system, as in the days of Marx. With the Keynesian revolution, the welfare state, minimum wages … Capitalism of today is entirely a different animal. But one element of capitalism has not changed at all and that is its unique knack of running out of markets – or reduction, collapse of demand. Capitalism has been saved from the inevitable by expanding colonial markets, two world wars, the cold war, the gulf wars – and at many times, including recently, by the credit bubble.
With the inevitability of the collapse of demand in a capitalist economy; an analogy of a treadmill with a tread having an ever-increasing speed is inevitable. With the markets, faster one runs, more is the speed of the tread below. Longer the delay for the inevitable fall, harder is the fall – as the tread has attained higher speed with the time lapse. Is this natural state of affairs for capitalism? Definitely Yes! But is capitalism a natural way of running the economy? Looking at the history of development of capitalism it seems so. Capitalism was not imposed on the society as communism was. Capitalism developed incrementally, by trial and error. That is fine; there were no surprises, no shocks, in the philosophical sphere. Still why does capitalism runs from one crisis to another?
Look at the recent economic past of our world: in the late eighties of the past century, Japanese economy was glowing like a shooting star – it proved to be a shooting star in more than one way. The whole world expected that Japan will take over the mantle of world leader in economy. Alas, it proved to be a failure when it came to leading. In the nineties, there were some expectations from the EU area. EU has a population as big as US with comparable economic activity. Neither the developed, welfare zone of EU nor the almost national socialist model of Japan could replace the US. Both showed anaemic growth rates even during the boom days of 2002-07. Is it just a coincidence that both possible leaders of the world economy – Japan and EU, shrivelled just when they were overtaking or about to overtake US in per capita GDP terms? No, it takes more than economic catch-up to be a leader. It takes deep social, moral, philosophical and political moorings and the moral entrepreneurship to define a new tomorrow, which Japan and EU lacked.
The key question here is who will carry the mantle of capitalism or any other system, which will sustain future world growth? From 2002, despite Gulf and Afghan wars, and in spite of unprecedented bubbles in stocks, commodities and real estate, American economy supports lower absolute number of jobs after a decade. Only time will tell whether US growth curve is upward on a long term basis or has become flat like the Japanese one.
One can’t be a great fan of China, India, Russia or Brazil. No, pessimism is not towards the four countries and their economic growth. They may well outperform the world by a big margin- when it comes to economic growth rates. That is not the point. Their limitation is not even the smaller sizes of their economy. Their limitation is that they are just catching up with the developed world. Now, any economy can develop at a much faster rate when it is expanding from a low per capita GDP; the path is already laid before it. It need not cut down forest, nor has it to blast through hillocks to lay the path. It just has to follow a well laid trail. Lower economies may still grow to catch up with the developed world, but they would loose momentum – and what world is that without a path breaker defining our world’s future? If the top dog, i.e. US were to get stuck in a quagmire, chaos is inevitable.
There are only two paths from here; chaos or a tectonic shift towards new growth path. Is there a limit to economic growth? Incas had a geographically large empire. One can look at a map of their empire and marvel at the geographic spread. But, what one can’t see in a map is the handicap the Incas faced in building their empire. Their empire was located in a very mountainous locality. They had not invented the wheel for transport! There was no written language for the Incas. In building those buildings they had no mortar. The impediments in the form of poor quality communications look insurmountable when viewed at from any of the ancient civilisations of the old world. Still, how did the Incas succeed in building such a geographically spread empire? It is the quality of their social and/or political and/or moral structure that overcame these handicaps. Just imagine, what would have been their achievements with those inventions thrown in.
So, there are no limits to growth. We need only invent a wheel, a script or mortar in our world of social, moral, political and- or macro-economic sphere. I am pretty sure it is not in our technical or scientific fields – that would be as superfluous as any moral, social or administrative field with the Incas – just too ahead of times for the other inputs of the society.
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